Category Archives: Science and Edumacation
Time
Someone claims to have figured out why time runs forward. If I understand it right, we only experience it forward, it could be running in any direction. I’ve often thought that our sense of time was an illusion. Lunchtime doubly so.
Weekend Linkorama
Cooling the Planet
A fascinating article of fighting global warming. I must say that the idea of cooling the planet with cloud-seeding or whatever seriously creeps me out. It sounds like the kind of thing that could go badly wrong and plunge us into an ice age or famine. Carbon capture will do fine, thank you.
Aesop Was Right
Crows smart.
Wednesday Linkorama
With commentary!
Swearing
Hell yeah.
Unsustainable
I’ve seen a rash of books and articles lately recycling age-old arguments about how industrial farming can not be sustained, is destroying the environment, ruining our food, making us fat and making Hollywood churn out bad movies. So it’s refreshing to see a wonderful refutation of the so-called sustainable agriculture.
On the desk in front of me are a dozen books, all hugely critical of present-day farming. Farmers are often given a pass in these books, painted as either naïve tools of corporate greed, or economic nullities forced into their present circumstances by the unrelenting forces of the twin grindstones of corporate greed and unfeeling markets. To the farmer on the ground, though, a farmer blessed with free choice and hard won experience, the moral choices aren’t quite so easy. Biotech crops actually cut the use of chemicals, and increase food safety. Are people who refuse to use them my moral superiors? Herbicides cut the need for tillage, which decreases soil erosion by millions of tons. The biggest environmental harm I have done as a farmer is the topsoil (and nutrients) I used to send down the Missouri River to the Gulf of Mexico before we began to practice no-till farming, made possible only by the use of herbicides. The combination of herbicides and genetically modified seed has made my farm more sustainable, not less, and actually reduces the pollution I send down the river.
Finally, consumers benefit from cheap food. If you think they don’t, just remember the headlines after food prices began increasing in 2007 and 2008, including the study by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations announcing that 50 million additional people are now hungry because of increasing food prices. Only “industrial farming” can possibly meet the demands of an increasing population and increased demand for food as a result of growing incomes.
That last part needs to be savored like a fresh cucumber. “Sustainable agriculture” is not sustainable. If we were to use organic “sustainable” methods of agriculture, we would either have to massively increase the amount of land we devote to farming or let about two billion people starve. Agricultural technology has shattered the Malthusian equation, leading to an unprecedented era of prosperity.
I’m not against organic food. We have a vegetable patch and we’ll probably grab some corn and apples this fall from local farmers. But the idea that you can feed 6.5 billion people with “sustainable” methods is just nonsense. And to sustain this nonsense — this religion of large-scale organic farming, its disciples resort to lies, deceptions and evasions.
For example: I recently noted the push to compost in San Francisco and commented that it was almost certain to be net negative for the environment. Damn, do I hate being right all the time.
Compost is a valuable soil amendment, and if somebody else is paying to deliver it to my farm, then bring it on. But it will not do much to solve the nitrogen problem. Household compost has somewhere between 1 and 5 percent nitrogen, and not all that nitrogen is available to crops the first year. Presently, we are applying about 150 pounds of nitrogen per acre to corn, and crediting about 40 pounds per acre from the preceding years soybean crop. Let’s assume a 5 percent nitrogen rate, or about 100 pounds of nitrogen per ton of compost. That would require 3,000 pounds of compost per acre. Or about 150,000 tons for the corn raised in our county. The average truck carries about 20 tons. Picture 7,500 trucks traveling from New York City to our small county here in the Midwest, delivering compost. Five million truckloads to fertilize the country’s corn crop. Now, that would be a carbon footprint!
The veggie-cuddlers also lie about food contamination, which is way way down, not up, thanks to modern agriculture.
Hurst even debunks the most solid of complaints about modern farming — the livestock methods that many, including me, denounce as cruel. He points out that the small crates save piglets from being squashed by mothers, turkeys from drowning in the rain and all of them from being devoured by predators. To be honest, I still think the small crates are a bit too much — the same could be accomplished with more humane treatment. But there is another side to the argument — there always is.
The true innovation in agriculture is being done with genetic engineering, with no-till farming, with less destructive pesticides and more efficient fertilizers. The call for “sustainable agriculture” is nothing more than romanticizing the past — a past when, not to put too fine a point on it, we were all starving and our food was filled with disease. Do we really want to return to that?
Decadal Warming
Kevin Drum destroys the frustratingly persistent meme that there has been no global warming in the last decade.
Everything’s Fine — Everybody Panic!
Come on. You knew this was going to happen. The data are showing obesity leveling off in many western countries. And the reaction of the food police? Disappointment.
The disappointment among professional fat alarmists about recent weight data, which suggest the obesity rate has leveled off for American adults as well as children, is palpable. Bialik reports that William Dietz, director of the Division of Nutrition, Physical Activity, and Obesity at the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, was “surprised” by the failure of Americans to continue getting fatter, inasmuch as “prominent anti-obesity-awareness campaigns have only been around for a few years.” Note the implication that government intervention is the only plausible explanation for changes in human behavior. “What I worry about is that people will read these numbers and think we’ve got this solved,” says Dietz. “I’m encouraged by the results, but this is no time for complacency.” Or for budget cutting. Such anxieties underlie press releases with headlines like “New CDC Study Finds No Increase in Obesity Among Adults; But Levels Still High,” which are reminiscent of statements from the Office of National Drug Control Policy about the latest drug use survey data.
Sullum also notes the increasing scientific evidence that the “ideal weight” is far from ideal and the longest lifespan goes to those who are about 10 lbs overweight. I’m wondering if we have a “wisdom of crowds” thing going on. There’s always going to be a distribution of weight, from anorexic to morbidly obese. Have countries shifted so that the modal weight is near ideal? I have no idea. But that idea is just as scientific and evidence-based as the stupid BMI crap.
Wednesday Linkorama
Betwixt and Between on Green
Rule #4: There are always tradeoffs
This is especially true of consumer safety. It’s not good enough to say, “We must DO something!” about a problem — you have to be aware of the problems that something is creating.
To wit:
For decades, California has been the only state in the nation to require the use of highly toxic fire-retardant chemicals on cribs, infant carriers, strollers, nursing pillows, changing tables, high chairs and other baby products.
Regulations mandating the treatment were well intentioned. Who wouldn’t want to protect children from fire?
But there is a complete lack of evidence that using the chemicals saves lives, and a growing body of research suggesting that exposure to fire retardants is dangerous.
Last year, the Consumer Product Safety Commission issued statements strongly discouraging the use of fire retardant in home furniture, including baby products. The federal agency’s scientists cited numerous studies linking fire retardant exposure to cancer, birth defects, reproductive problems, thyroid disorders, hyperactivity, learning disabilities and a plethora of other health concerns.
Making matters worse, California’s law has meant that baby products are often treated with the chemicals even in states that don’t require such treatment. To avoid manufacturing two separate lines, one for California and another for other states, many manufacturers make their products sold in other states to California standards.
During the 80’s, there were a series of sensational stories about kids’ cribs, toys and clothes bursting into flame at the slightest spark. I can remember ominous videos of pajamas being lit on fire by investigative reporters. This panic, of course, produced a needlessly hysterical response in — stop me if you’ve heard this before — California. They demanded that everything on Earth be slathered with fire-retarding chemicals. No one ever tried to evaluate what new risks were being incurred — kids were catching on fire! Anything is justified.
Oh, but it gets worse:
I got a cold chill as I read this article yesterday on the Metro crash investigation:
“In the aftermath of the crash on the Red Line between the Takoma and Fort Totten stations, Metro officials analyzed track circuit data and found that one circuit in the crash area intermittently lost its ability to detect a train. The circuit would report the presence of a train one moment, then a few seconds later the train would “disappear,” only to return again.”
It sounded to me like the same problems that have been encountered on the Space Shuttle, nuclear power plants, and various military systems. And that problem is tin whiskers.
The backstory: When people first started building electric circuits, they used tin metal to solder the interconnections between the copper bits. It wasn’t long before they noticed the tin would get “furry”, growing spiky whiskers as the part was used. These spikes could grow long enough to short out the circuits, and then were so weak that they would break off right after doing so. A smart metallurgist figured out that adding a small amount of lead to the tin alloy stopped this behavior. And so the electronics industry grew, and electronic circuits got so small and fast and reliable that they ended up in nearly every control system – with a bit of solder in every one of them.
In the early 2000’s two things happened: Europe passed legislation that prohibited lead in consumer products, and at the same time, the production of interconnection technologies went global. So even though only European markets mandated this change, producers all over the world had to comply. And that means that consumers all over the world were getting lead-free electronics, many times without knowing it. Many times the same part number started showing up with lead-free solder, making this trend very hard to track.
So yesterday, I dropped a note to one of my expert friends, who agreed with me that the circuitry in the Metro replacement part, more likely than not, contained lead-free solder. And then, he pointed out the likelihood that the latest Airbus crashes had lead-free solder components in their flight controls.
Environmentalists and consumer protection advocates always forget something: polluters do not pollute because they are evil and chemicals are not put into our products to poison us. These things are done for real reasons. Now sometimes those reasons aren’t worth it (lead, for example) and sometimes the bad stuff can be replaced with less bad stuff (um, lead, for example). But we always have to keep in mind what those evil substances were used for.
Kids are not putting electrical circuits in their mouths. Motherboards are not being dumped in rivers. The risk of using lead in solder is minimal. But the risk of not using solder appears to be catastrophic. That would suggest a pretty obvious course — except to politicians and environmentalists.
Friday Linkorama
Wednesday Linkorama
So much going on the internets, so little time.